Sickle cell disease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sickle cell disease - Research Paper Example Red platelets with typical (hemoglobin-An) are smooth and adjust and skim through veins. In individuals with sickle cell infection, unusual hemoglobin atoms - hemoglobin S - stick to each other and structure long, pole like structures. These structures reason red platelets to get solid, accepting a sickle shape. Their shape causes these red platelets to heap up, bringing about blockages and harming key organs and tissues. Sickle cells are devastated quickly in the collections of individuals with the sickness, bringing on paleness. This paleness is the thing that gives the ailment its generally known name - sickle cell anemia (Bloom, 2011). The sickle cells likewise hinder the stream of blood through vessels, bringing about lung tissue harm that causes intense midsection syndrome, torment scenes, stroke and priapism (tormenting, delayed erection). It additionally causes harm to the spleen, kidneys and liver. The harm to the spleen makes patients - particularly adolescent youngsters - effectively overpowered by bacterial diseases. An infant conceived with sickle cell infection inherits a gene for the issue from both folks. At the point when both folks/parents have the hereditary imperfection, theres a 25 percent risk that every youngster will be conceived with sickle cell infection (Monroe, 2008). Most individuals with SCD have a solitary abscond on both duplicates of chromosome 11 that makes them process imperfect hemoglobin atoms, which tie together and structure long, rodlike structures (polymers) when not convey oxygen. This causes the red platelets to get unbending and deformed. While typical red platelets are malleable, smooth, plate molded, and live for pretty nearly 120 days in the circulation system, red platelets in SCD patients may have the state of a sickle, or sickle, and regularly make due for just about 10 to 20 days (Bloom, 2011). In view of the irregular cells truncated life

Determining Causes and Effects Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Determining Causes and Effects - Assignment Example This paper seeks to establish the major causes of stress and their subsequent effects on college students. In order to achieve this, the paper will categorize stress into a number of classes. These categories are broad representations of the underlying stress causing factors which will be subsequently broken down to give an insight on the stressors. The college environment is a dynamic mix of students from different cultural backgrounds and orientations. These students are meant to interact within the school environment. These interactions could be based on curricular or extra-curricular activities. The transitional approach to college life requires that the student adapt to the new college environment. Freshmen for instance are known to experience heightened levels of stress in trying to settle in to the new dimensions of college life. The students are required to learn interpersonal skills that will enable them cope with other students from diverse cultural backgrounds. Due to the diversity in culture orientations, conflicts are meant to arise. The occurrence of conflicts is commonplace in any society. The most important thing however is finding a way to resolve these conflicts. Unresolved conflicts that arise due to interpersonal interactions between students lead to substantial increase in stress levels (Wright, 1967). An individual is a complex assembly of different faculties, the body, and the soul. The individual ultimate end is achieving happiness. The intricate mix of the body and soul play an integral role in achieving this ultimate end. All the actions an individual engages in are meant to derive some form of satisfaction and happiness to the individual. In the event that the individual engages in activities that fail to realize this objective, then he/she is stressed. Intrapersonal factors refer to the mix of factors that shape the path that an

Boring day Essay Example for Free

Boring day Essay My computer was broken so I couldnt browse the internet or socialize. My friends have gone on a vacation for summer break together while I had to go to summer school. Now its the weekend and It couldnt have got any more boring. My mom asked me to walk to the plaza down the street to buy some milk. I went upstairs to my room and got dressed. I decided to wear a shirt I got for my birthday. It had a cartoon duck face on It and on top of It; It said HI! In big bubble letters. I also wore a pair of blue Jeans, went downstairs, and then put on my shoes and walked out. Im walking down the street and Its been about ten minutes. A normal person would have reached the plaza In five minutes, but I wasnt a normal person, I was a bored person. Being a bored person, I tend to notice and observe things happening around, Like a bee gathering the nectar out of a flower on my neighbors garden, or an airplane in the sky miles away. While I was walking I noticed this old man kicking his son out of house. Dont come back till youre ready to apologize! he yelled in a gruff voice while his son was running round in his boxers. I chuckled; he must be looking for something to cover himself up with. I would have felt so embarrassed if that were me. I continued on toward the plaza with a smile. I finally arrived at the plaza; it was a fifteen minute walk because I was walking really slowly, eve n though it really felt like thirty. Taking my first steps I noticed the plaza was more crowded than Ive ever seen it. There was this supermarket that really wasnt that popular when it first opened. I remember coming here with my friends a while ago and it was the most dissected place Id ever seen. Now it was completely packed with customers, cars coming in and out of the parking lot. It kind of made me happy to see the plaza doing well. I walked in to the milk store and was it ever crowded. There must have been some special event going on. The line was really long too. I looked at the newspaper stand because I like looking at the covers of newspapers to see what the headline is, and I noticed the sign beside it. It said Milk sale 50% off The cashier then looked at me, Hey, you better run to the milk section before it runs out! I ran to the milk section, which Just happened to be located all the way at the back of the store. While running there I saw that there were two milk cartons left, with relief I started walking toward It. I opened the fridge door that had the milk in it and reached for It. Just as I was reaching for It another hand reached In with me and picked up the other can. I turned to see who It, and It was Carol, a girl from my school that I had a crush on. She was a really smart and beautiful person, although she has this problem of not being able to read In her head, Instead she would Just read out loud. Every time I saw her reading a book at he library, the people around her would get mad at her for not being quiet. She looked at me and said Hil in a really loud voice. I was in the girl Ive been crushing on has finally spoken to me. My heart wouldnt stop beating quickly and my hand wouldnt stop twitching. Looking at her face, I noticed her eyes were on my chest, she must have notice my muscles I thought to myself. I yelled Hil back along conversation Just ended, but at least she finally noticed me. I purchased the milk can and I walked out of the store a happy man. I had five dollars worth of change after purchasing the milk can, so I decided to head to the corner store further in the plaza. This corner store was the best; it was always the place to go when I was younger. All my friends and I would buy loads of candy and pop cans here when we younger, since the cost of it was as cheap as they come, ranging from five cents to a dollar. It was candy heaven for a kid. The only problem was the cashier; he was foreign and tends to have fun with every customer that walked in. For him it would be either laughing with you or laughing at you. I walked inside the store and went straight to he back where all the pop was. The pop in this store was only 60 cents. I walked up to the cashier and he looked at me with a smile on his face as I gave him a dollar for the drink. 40 cents change for the hobo! he said mischievously as if he planned out what he was going to say right when I walked in. The words didnt faze me though as I knew he was going to say something. As I was walking out an older woman walked in, Dont forget your wife! he said while laughing. I Just ignored his random comments and walked out of the store. I opened the drink and drank some. Its been ver an hour and it was going to get dark soon. l should get going I thought to myself. Right when I was about to take my first step towards home, I heard a commotion coming from the supermarket. Two men were fighting over watermelon. The watermelon was definitely big compared to the rest of the watermelons. One of the men had blond hair, with tattoos all over his arms. His Jeans had rips in them, he was wearing a wife beater, and he was wearing a head band. The other man was bald, he was wearing shorts, a t-shirt and his goatee hung down to his chest. This watermelon is mine! the blond man yelled. The bald man didnt reply and let go of the watermelon. Directly after he punched him in the face, took the watermelon and yelled Sucker! without even paying for it. There was crowd watching the whole incident go down as well. It was pretty serious for someone to hit a person and then steal something. My facial expression at that time showed a teenager with a straight face, but my in my head, Im laughing about the whole incident. I headed home, taking my time while observing my surroundings, as the sun was setting. All of the sudden, I heard a high pitch sound like someone was crying for help. I stood still so I could hear better, but the sound didnt come again. I continued walking, wondering what the sound could have been. It could have been someone from the plaza, but I really doubted that as Im a pretty far away from it. Chirp chirp! the sound came back again but much louder. It sounded like a bird. I stopped to look around and I found a bird behind a tree. The bird was stuck under a pile of branches and was crying for help. I put the milk carton down and I moved the branches off the bird. The branches were bigger than most branches and it was pretty heavy, as heavy as a pile f text books stacked together. The bird flew away while chirping. This time the chirping sounded very grateful like it was thanking me for helping it. The bird flew into the branches of the tree hidden in the leaves. All of the sudden an apple fell from the tree. I thought maybe it was a reward for helping it, so I took it graciously, picked up the milk can and continued on home while eating the apple. Im home! I said strongly as I walked in. Welcome home, Ill take the milk, do you want anything? while hurrying to my room. I decided to go straight to bed to catch up on some sleep, n a boring day, I guess I wouldnt want to spend the rest of it any other way. I went straight to sleep. The next day I woke up and I looked at the time. 8:30!? Im going to be late for summer school! I screamed. I got ready as quick as I could and ran out the door and barely managed to get on the bus. I sat down on the seat next to the bus doors. One of my classmates from my summer school happened to be sitting on the seat next to me and we started talking. I introduced myself and told him about my trip to the plaza. Wow! he said while laughing. mfr lucky, you had a really fun day!

What Led To The Introduction Of Itv Media Essay

What Led To The Introduction Of Itv Media Essay British broadcasting has come a long way in the past fifty years, from a monopoly held by the British Broadcasting Company (BBC) to the huge diversity of channels we now have, from not only terrestrial television, but also Sky and cable. The genres of the programmes on these channels are now so diverse that there is rarely a point in time when somebody cannot find something on television. From the birth of television in 1936 and up until 1955 the BBC had held the monopoly over broadcasting, at first, only showing 6 hours a day of programmes deemed suitable by traditionalists, like Sir Lord Reith who at the time was the Director-General of the BBC, for the public. It was in 1955 that the first big change in broadcasting came about with the introduction of ITV which broke the monopoly and thus by the same token led to greater competition within the market. In this essay I will discuss what important factors and issues with the BBC led to the introduction of the commercial channel ITV a nd later, Channel 4; and how it caused unlikely alliances, disputes and controversy. At the BBCs creation it was deemed appropriate that it should be a public service broadcaster, while this meant that it would be isolated from commercial pressures it also meant that it would need to have alternative funding; this came in the form of the television license fee which was basically a broadcast receiving tax. As the BBC was funded by the Government via a tax they had to provide an impartial service which had to conform to its Royal Charter of 1927; among other things it said that the BBC had to: Sustain citizenship and civil society, promote education and learning, stimulate creativity and cultural excellence and represent the UK, its nations, regions and communities [3]. After the WWII, the BBCs monopoly began to be questioned, this lead to a growing aversion towards paternalism and a yearning for freedom of choice. Subsequently, after a change in power in late 1951, the Conservative party decided to publish its own ideas for the breaking of the BBC monopoly. They suggested: In the expanding field of television, provision should be made to permit some element of competition when the calls on capital resources at present needed for purposes of greater national importance makes this feasible. In essence this was the first step in the creation of ITV. Unlike the BBC, ITV was to be funded via the sale of slots in its broadcasting timetable for advertisers (another option was to allow sponsorship; however, the regulator thought this was not appropriate). The nature and quality of the advertising was, however, stringently controlled by the regulators and no more than 6 minutes of adverts were to be shown within any given hour. One of the main factors in the introduction of ITV was to increase consumer choice. Up until 1952 there was only one channel to watch and so you had either the option of watching the one programme that was on at the time or not watching television at all. This was at a time that the country was feeling more confident, workers wages were increasing and the first whiff of prosperity was filtering across the country. Individual identity was starting to be questioned, one could argue that this was partly due to the American influence of TV and radio; whether it was the gritty US hero films, the songs of Buddy Holly and Johnny Cash or just the feeling that the US had everything bigger, better, richer and possibly, to use a more modern expression, more trendy. The introduction of ITV not only doubled the number of programmes people could choose from but also led to higher quality programmes being directed. People liked this increased choice and freedom to make their own decisions; as Frede rick Ogilvie, a former Director General of the BBC, stated Freedom is choice And monopoly of broadcasting is inevitably the negation of freedom no matter how efficiently it is run [2] The reason for greater quality of programmes was the increased competition after the creation of ITV. For ITV to receive the maximum amount of revenue from its advertising it needed to have a high proportion of the public watching its channel. While this required a lot of initial investment to create the programmes in the long term it would provide more than enough advertising revenue to cover this cost. This also, although maybe subtly, influenced the BBC. While at first glance it may seem that the BBC and ITV have different revenue streams and are therefore not direct competitors, the BBC had to keep up with the increasing quality of the ITV programmes. This was not because, unlike ITV, they needed to increase revenue but because if they were not seen to have programmes of a similar or greater quality than ITV then soon the general public would start to question the television licence fee which could have led to the end of the BBCs funding and indeed the end of the company itself. Another criticism of the BBC was that they only really catered for the population inside London which was exposed in the report of 1951. This report shocked many people as it was written by MP Sir William Beveridge. People expected him to side with the BBC as he upheld many traditional values, like Lord Reith. He suggested that it should set up national commissions for Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland [1]. Beveridge, however, didnt agree with the introduction of commercial television, after seeing how the advertising worked in America he deemed it obtrusive and objectionable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ironically it was the Beveridge report that spurred the conservative government in 1951 to move forward with plans of commercial television as his report encouraged, the conservative MP Lloyd Selwyn to do a follow up report, in which he agreed with many of Beveridges points, he was for the introduction of commercial television. Selwyn along with many other business men saw the potential investm ents that could be made in commercial television; they believed that many benefits would come from advertising their products as it would reach millions. This self-profit idea didnt go unnoticed and caused some controversy, one even said At what point are the MPs representing their constituencies and web are they speaking as directors?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Initially it was planned that ITV should be made up of three separate franchise regions: London, the Midlands and the North, each of which would be occupied by more than one contractor. This would lead to competition not only between the combined ITV force and the BBC but also between the different contractors. However, there was a failure on the governments behalf, due to not allocating enough frequencies, this was unable to happen. Instead to still keep competition high the ITA decided to split the franchises on a weekday/weekend basis. People were fed up of the American commercial nature of ITV and how all of its shows strived for ratings rather than quality and so there was a committee set up to investigate the state of broadcasting in the 1960s. It was called the Pilkington report and its function was to clean up the vulgarity of ITV. The report praised the BBC and allowed the introduction of a second channel, BBC2. In a way the Pilkington report was like going back in a way in broadcasting history, it took on the paternalistic role, that the public so hated about the BBC. Eventually people accepted ITV and the BBC working together and the competition grew much less fierce. People had decided what shows they did and didnt like and would pick and choose between the two, this was known as the golden age of television which lasted nearly twenty years. Between 1960 and 1962 The Pilkington Committee met to consider the future of broadcasting in Britain. This was at a time of increasing hostility towards the relatively newly formed commercial broadcaster, ITV. At the time the committee published their report it was unsurprising that ITV came under particular criticism. The committee found ITV broadcasted programmes of a trivial nature. This was most probably a not a reference to the actual subjects discussed but to the actual style and presentation of these subjects. This report led to the introduction of a second BBC channel, BBC2, in 1964. In 1980 the Broadcasting Act was passed which commenced the process for the creation of a fourth channel, Channel 4, which began broadcasting on 2nd November 1982. While for some time there had been a belief that a second commercial broadcaster would be launched after ITV, it was expected that this would come sooner than it did. It is most likely that the biggest reason for the delay, for almost three decades, was politics. Summed up it was a clash of beliefs between the expansion of the commercial character of ITV and the public service approach of BBC. I believe one of the main reasons for the introduction was because times were becoming more liberal and there were many creative directors and producers who wanted to make interesting cultural and controversial shows. These people, no matter how good their programmes were, were unable to get them shown on the BBC or ITV either because the content was too risky or it would not have pulled in a big enough audience to satisfy the advertisers. However, the market researchers at the time saw the need for a channel that would represent minorities and address hard hitting topics; it was also believed that these programmes would help discourage racism and discrimination. The other thing that made the government back the introduction of Channel 4 was that all of the programmes were going to be independently made by different production companies all over the country, and that initially the existing commercial companies would fund them. Over time Channel 4 began commissioning the programmes it self. Also the Conservative government led by Margaret Thatcher was incredibly supportive of the idea of entrepreneurship and so this was another reason Channel 4 was backed. It was however the Labour Government that finally got the channel up and running; they wanted the channel to tackle political issues without feeling the pressure from higher individuals to tone down. In conclusion, the history of terrestrial television was a hard struggle. To reach the level of freedom of content that we see today, whether, it is scenes of a violent or sexual nature in programmes like BBCs The Tudors or channel 4s dispatches series even the Question time with Nick Griffin, all of these broadcasts whether you agree with the content or not, are there for viewing with our own discretion, and a far cry from the paternal monopoly that the BBC held for so many years. Ultimately the reason for the introduction of these channels was to increase consumer choice which as a Democratic country was wanted by the people. It was this demand for consumer choice that brought us to the hundreds of channels that we see today. Out of this spawned the huge competition between channels that will be never-ending, with programmes such as Strictly Come Dancing scheduled at the same time as the X Factor. Referances [1]Kevin Williams Get me a Murder a Day! a history of mass communication in britan, Arnold 1998 chapter 8 [2] Quoted by Crisell An Introductory History of British Broadcasting, p77. [3] a statement from the BBCs public service remit

The Architecture of the Library of Congress Essay -- Architectural Str

The Architecture of the Library of Congress Constructed between 1888 and 1897, the Library of Congress is located in Washington, D.C. at the intersection of 1st St. and Independance Avenue. It's beautiful, large-scale building is comprised mainly of marble, granite, iron, and bronze. The Library's architectural style is reminiscent of that of ancient Greece. It's typical Greek characteristics include columns of the Ionic order, relief sculpture, and statues of Greek god figures, such as Poseidon, god of the sea. These attributes are significantly comparable to those of the altar of Pergamon located in present day Turkey. Housing thousands of books, music, and art collections, the Library of Congress contains numerous reading rooms used by the public people. It is not restricted to use by special officials, but welcomes everybody as it was constructed specifically to serve as the American national library. The present Library of Congress had a difficult time getting started in its early stages. Originally located in the United States Capitol building between 1806 and 1814(U.S. Government, 1), a fire caused the Library to be relocated to a temporary hotel location. Soon it was replaced into the north wing of the Capitol, and then into the center of the west front (U.S. Government, 2). Unfortunately, another disastrous fire burned the Library and yet again it had to be repaired. The Librarian of Congress at this time in 1865, Ainsworth Rand Spofford, realized the Library was expanding to the point where it would soon need it's own separate building from the Capitol. He drew up an architectural plan in 1872 and presented it to Congress who authorized it. The new structure, named the Jefferson Building, was elaborately deco... ...nce is that the Library of Congress celebrates mental values while the altar of Pergamon celebrates physical values. The architecture of the Library of Congress expresses a modern presence of the past. It's similarities to the altar of Pergamon lie in physical appearances and in deeper meanings. Both reflect the beauty of Greek architecture and the values of the people who designed them. Bibliography Schwartz, Nancy B. District of Columbia Catalog. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1974. Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1995. United States Government. "Jefferson's Legacy: A Brief History of the Library of Congress." http://lcweb.loc.gov/loc/legacy/bldgs.html. (1996): 1-12. Allen, William C. The Dome of the United States Capitol: An Architectural History. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992.

Flower Imagery in The Stone Angel :: Stone Angel

Flower Imagery in The Stone Angel Margaret Laurence uses flower imagery in her novel The Stone Angel to represent Hagar's way of life. There are two types of flowers, wild and civilized. These two types of flowers are associated with the educated, controlled way of life and the material way of life. In summer the cemetery was rich and thick as syrup with the funeral-parlor perfume of the planted peonies, dark crimson and wallpaper pink, the pompous blossoms hanging leadenly, too heavy for their light stems, bowed down with the weight of themselves and the weight of the rain, infested with upstart ants that sauntered through the plush petals as though to the manner born . . . But sometimes through to hot rush of disrespectful wind whtat shook the scrub oak and the coarse couchgrass encroaching upon the dutifully cared for habitations of the dead, the scent of the cowslips woud rise monentarily. They were though-rooted, these wild and gaudy flowers, and altough they were held back at the cemetery's edge, torn out by loving relatives determined to keep the plots clear and clealy civilized, for a second or two a person walking there could catch the faint, muskey, dust-tinged smell of things that grew and had grown always, before the portly peonies and the angels with rigid wings, wh en the prarie bluffs were walked though only by Cree with enigmatic faces and greasy hair. (p. 4-5) Hagar was the lucky one in her family. She was able to go to college where she learned how to be more cultivated and civilized and how to act like a lady. Nothing seems to be natural about her, she criticizes everything that seems to be wild or out of control. When Hagar marries Bram Shipley, she is content and in love. It was spring that day, a differnt spring from this one. The poplar bluffs had budded with sticky leaves, and the forgs had come back to te sloughs and sang like choruses of angels with sore throats, an th mars marigolds were opening like shavings of sun on the brown river where the dadpoles danced and the bloodsuckers lay slimy and low, waiting fo the boy's feet. And i rode int blacke-topped buggy beside the man who was no my mate. (p. 50) After the wedding, Hagar becomes determined to change the way her husband behaves.

American Pageant Chapter 1 Study Guide

Chapter 1 Summary Millions of years ago, the two American continents became geologically separated from the Eastern Hemisphere land masses where humanity originated. The first people to enter these continents came across a temporary land bridge from Siberia about 35,000 years ago. Spreading across the two continents, they developed a great diversity of societies based largely on corn agriculture and hunting, In North America, their societies were less numerous and urbanized than in South America, though some peoples like the Pueblo and Iroquois developed complex social orders.The impetus for European colonization came from the desire for new trade routes to the East, the spirit and technological discoveries of the Renaissance, and the power of the new European national monarchies. The European encounters with America and Africa, beginning with the Portuguese and Spanish explorers, convulsed the entire world. Biological change, disease, population loss, conquest, slavery, cultural cha nge, and economic expansion were just some of the consequences of the commingling of two ecosystems.After they conquered and then intermarried with Indians of the great civilizations of South America and Mexico, the Spanish conquistadors expanded northward into the northern border territories of Florida, New Mexico and California. There they established small but permanent settlements in competition with the French and English explorers who were also venturing into North America Identification Chapter 1 1. Extended period when glaciers covered most of the North American continent 2. Staple Crop that formed the economic foundation of Indian civilizations 3. Important Mississippian culture site, near present East St.Louis, Illinois. 4. First European nation to send explorers around the west coast of Africa 5. Flourishing West African kingdom that had its capital and university at Timbuktu 6. Mistaken term that European explorers gave to American lands because of the false belief that they were off the coast of Asia 7. Animal introduced by Europeans that transformed the Indian way of life on the Great Plains 8. Among the major European diseases that devastated Native American populations after 1492 (name two) 9. Disease originating in Americas that was transmitted to Europeans after 1492 10.Treaty that secured Spanish title to lands in Americas by dividing them with Portugal 11. Wealthy capital of the Aztec empire 12. Person of mixed European and Indian ancestry 13. Indian uprising in New Mexico caused by Spanish efforts to suppress Indian religion 14. Indian people of the Rio Grande Valley who were cruelly oppressed by the Spanish conquerors 15. Roman Catholic religious order of friars that organized a chain of missions in California Chapter 1 MC 1. The geologically oldest mountains in North America are A. the Appalachians B. the Rockies C. the Cascades D. he Sierra Nevada 2. The Indian peoples of the New World A. developed no advanced forms of civilization B. w ere divided into many diverse culture speaking more than two thousand different languages C. were all organized into the two large empires of the Incas and the Aztecs D. relied primarily on nomadic herding of domesticated animals for their sustenance 3. The Iroquois Confederacy remained a strong political military influence until A. The Spanish conquest of the Americas B. The fur trade was wiped out in the early 1700s C. The French and Indian War D. The American Revolution . Among the important forces that first stimulated European interest in trade and discovery was A, the Christian crusaders who brought back a taste for the silks and spices of Asia B. the Arab slaver traders on the east coast of Africa C. the Scandinavian sailors who had kept up continuous trade contacts with North America D. the division of Spain into small kingdoms competing for wealth and power 5. Among the most important American Indian products to spread to the Old World were A. animals such as buffalo and ho rses B. technologies such as the compass and the wheel C. conomic systems such as plantation agriculture and livestock raising D. foodstuffs such as maize, beans, and tomatoes 6. The primary staples of Indian agriculture were A. potatoes, beets, and barley B. rice, manioc, and peanuts C. maize, beans, and squash D. wheat, oats, and corn 7. The number of Indians in North America at the time Columbus arrived was approximately A. one million B. four million C. twenty million D. two hundred and fifty million 8. Before Columbus arrived, the only Europeans to have temporarily visited North America were A. The Greeks B. The Irish C. The Norse D. The Italians 9.The Portuguese were the first to enter the slave trade and establish large-scale plantation using slave labor in A. B. C. D. West Africa The Atlantic Sugar Islands The West Indies Brazil 10. Much of the impetus for Spanish exploration and pursuit of glory came from Spain’s recent A. successful wars with England B. national uni fication and expulsion of the Muslim Moors C. voyages of discovery along the coast of Africa D. conversion to Roman Catholicism 11. A crucial political development that paved the way for the European colonization of America was A. the rise of Italian city-states like Venice and GenoaB. the feudal nobles’ political domination of the merchant class C. the rise of the centralized national monarchies such as that of Spain D. the political alliance between the Christian papacy and Muslim traders 12. The primary reason for the drastic decline in the Indian population after the encounter with the European was A. the rise of intertribal warfare B. the Indian’s lack of resistance to European diseases such as smallpox and malaria C. the sharp decline in the Mexican birthrate D. the sudden introduction of the deadly disease syphilis to the New World 13.Cortes and his men were able to conquer the Aztec capital Tenochitlan partly because A. They had larger forces than the Aztecs B. The Aztec ruler Montezuma believed that Cortes was a god whose return had been predicted C. The Aztecs were peace-loving people who did not believe in war or conquest D. The city of Tenochitlan already had been devastated by a disease epidemic 14. The primary early colonial competitor with Spain in the New World was A. Portugal B. Italy C. France D. England 15. The belief that the Spanish only killed, tortured, and stole in the Americas while doing nothing good is called A. he encomienda B. the mission of civilization C. the Evil Empire D. the Black Legend D. Matching people, places, and Events Chapter 1 __1. Ferdinand and Isabella A. Female Indian slave who served as an interpreter for Cortes __ 2. Cortes and Pizarro B. Legendary founder of the powerful Iroquois Confederacy __ 3. Lake Bonneville C. Wealthy capital of the Aztec empire __ 4. Dias and da Gama D. Financiers and beneficiaries of Columbus’s voyages to the New World __ 5. Columbus E. Portuguese Navigators who sail ed around the African coast __ 6. Malinche F. Founded in 1565, the oldest continually inhabitedEuropean settlement in United States territory __ 7. Montezuma G. Italian-born navigator sent by English to explore North American Coast in 1498 __ 8. Hiawatha H. Italian-born explorer who thought that he had arrived off the coast of Asia rather than on unknown continents __ 9. Tenochtitlan I. Powerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors __ 10. St. Augustine J. Spanish conquerors of great Indian civilizations __ 11. John Cabot K. Franciscan missionary who settled California __ 12. Junipero Serra L. Inland sea left by melting glaciers whose remnant is the Great Salt Lake